1. Distinctive Blue Green Algae
Does that blue green algae? Blue green algae belonging to Monera, because the cell structure similar to the structure of bacterial cells, which are prokaryotic. Tiny microscopic blue green algae. Widespread blue-green algae, commonly found in moist soil waters, surface of walls, pots of moist rocks. Even were also found in a place that is less favorable environment. Some species are found in hot springs such as hot springs of Yellow Stone Park in America.
Does that blue green algae? Blue green algae belonging to Monera, because the cell structure similar to the structure of bacterial cells, which are prokaryotic. Tiny microscopic blue green algae. Widespread blue-green algae, commonly found in moist soil waters, surface of walls, pots of moist rocks. Even were also found in a place that is less favorable environment. Some species are found in hot springs such as hot springs of Yellow Stone Park in America.
The characteristics and properties of blue-green algae:
-Single-celled plants, yarn (filaments) and colonize living
-Has chlorophyll, carotenoids and pigment consisting of fikosianin fikobilin and fikoeritin (often called blue-green algae)
-Peptide containing the cell wall, hemicellulose and cellulose, sometimes slimy
-The core cell has no membrane (prokarion)
==>Example:
a. Unisel forms (one cell): Chroococcus, Gloeocapsa
b. Colony forms: Polycystis
c. Forms filaments: Oscilatoria, Nostoc, Anabaena, Rivularia.
Blue green algae breeding mode, done in three ways:
a.
Cell division
Through this way the cell can directly separate or remain joined to form colonies.
Example: Gloeocapsa.
Figure 14. Gloeocapsa
b.
Fragmentation
Fragmentation is a way of deciding which parts of a plant and then form a new individual. Fragmentation mainly on algae Oscillatoria. In the long filament, if one cell is dead, then dead cells were dividing the filament into two parts or more. Each section is called Hormogonium.
Figure 15. Oscillatoria
c.
Spore
In less favorable circumstances which will form spores which is actually a vegetative cell. Spores larger and thicker due to accumulation of food substances. Example: Chamaesiphon comfervicolus.
Consider the kinds of blue-green algae following:
Figure 16. The types of blue green algae
2. Types of Blue Green Algae
a.
Single-celled blue green algae
Examples of single-celled blue green algae is Chroococcus and Gloeocapsa.
1)
Chroococcus
This algae usually live at the base of a still pond, a wet wall or rock. Usually young cells that stick together because there is a tie envelope. Breeding takes place vegetatively, by dividing. After cleavage, the cells remain coupled to form a colony.
Figure 17. Chroococcus
2)
3)
Gloeocapsa
These algae live on rocks and are sometimes found endophytic (inside the living body), or epiphytic on other plants. Threadlike colonies that can be broken into hormogonium. Hormogonium can grow into new colonies. These algae have the spores.
Spirullina: containing high protein content.
b.
c.
Blue green algae colonize (group)
Examples of blue algae and colonize is Polycitis Spirullina Polycitis: form into a ball, living in a calm and crystal clear pools. By fragmentation of the breeding colony.
Blue green algae in the form of threads (filaments)
Examples of blue-green algae in the form of thread is Oscillatoria, Nostoc communes, Anabaena and Rivularia.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Oscillatoria: These algae form thick yarn consists of flat cells, divide and fragmentation of breeding or a separate piece of yarn resulting into a new thread called hormogonium.
Nostoc communes: algae, such as trichome composed of cells forms a ball, has a veil and have a cell called akinet ineffective and after the dorma can grow into new trichome. Many are found in alkaline soil and rock are moist, for example in the fields.
Anabaena: algae in the form of trichome covered by mucous membrane, when it has grown and has heterokista akinet. Live as plankton in the waters, there is also a symbiotic root tip in plants such as ferns and ferns hajj water or Azolla pinata.
Rivularia: algae forms a ball with mucous membrane and one end was tapered trichome. Live attached to aquatic plants and rocks are moist.
Well you have studied the characteristics blue algae (blue green algae) and places his life. Now try again to learn to better understand it.
a.
Cell division
Through this way the cell can directly separate or remain joined to form colonies.
Example: Gloeocapsa.
Figure 14. Gloeocapsa
b.
Fragmentation
Fragmentation is a way of deciding which parts of a plant and then form a new individual. Fragmentation mainly on algae Oscillatoria. In the long filament, if one cell is dead, then dead cells were dividing the filament into two parts or more. Each section is called Hormogonium.
Figure 15. Oscillatoria
c.
Spore
In less favorable circumstances which will form spores which is actually a vegetative cell. Spores larger and thicker due to accumulation of food substances. Example: Chamaesiphon comfervicolus.
Consider the kinds of blue-green algae following:
Figure 16. The types of blue green algae
2. Types of Blue Green Algae
a.
Single-celled blue green algae
Examples of single-celled blue green algae is Chroococcus and Gloeocapsa.
1)
Chroococcus
This algae usually live at the base of a still pond, a wet wall or rock. Usually young cells that stick together because there is a tie envelope. Breeding takes place vegetatively, by dividing. After cleavage, the cells remain coupled to form a colony.
Figure 17. Chroococcus
2)
3)
Gloeocapsa
These algae live on rocks and are sometimes found endophytic (inside the living body), or epiphytic on other plants. Threadlike colonies that can be broken into hormogonium. Hormogonium can grow into new colonies. These algae have the spores.
Spirullina: containing high protein content.
b.
c.
Blue green algae colonize (group)
Examples of blue algae and colonize is Polycitis Spirullina Polycitis: form into a ball, living in a calm and crystal clear pools. By fragmentation of the breeding colony.
Blue green algae in the form of threads (filaments)
Examples of blue-green algae in the form of thread is Oscillatoria, Nostoc communes, Anabaena and Rivularia.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Oscillatoria: These algae form thick yarn consists of flat cells, divide and fragmentation of breeding or a separate piece of yarn resulting into a new thread called hormogonium.
Nostoc communes: algae, such as trichome composed of cells forms a ball, has a veil and have a cell called akinet ineffective and after the dorma can grow into new trichome. Many are found in alkaline soil and rock are moist, for example in the fields.
Anabaena: algae in the form of trichome covered by mucous membrane, when it has grown and has heterokista akinet. Live as plankton in the waters, there is also a symbiotic root tip in plants such as ferns and ferns hajj water or Azolla pinata.
Rivularia: algae forms a ball with mucous membrane and one end was tapered trichome. Live attached to aquatic plants and rocks are moist.
Well you have studied the characteristics blue algae (blue green algae) and places his life. Now try again to learn to better understand it.
Now answer the questions below.
1)
2)
3)
Blue green algae and bacteria included in the Monera. Why is that?
Please list some ways the proliferation of algae (blue green algae)! Explain and give examples!
Explain why some blue-green algae can enrich the soil!
After answering the questions above, Match your answer with the subject matter of the characteristics of blue algae. If in compliance, that means you have to understand the lesson material and you will be able to continue / working on the next task. Good work.
3. Benefits of Blue Green Algae
Next let us study the following materials which benefits blue green algae for human life. After studying this material you are expected to explain about some of the role of blue green algae in human life. Blue green algae which is harmful? Up to now not been found harmful blue-green algae humans, it can even be said almost all the blue green algae profitable.
Some of the benefits of blue green algae, among others:
-Types of single-celled blue green algae is a pioneer vegetation, this is because the algae are able / can initiate life before other organisms can live in a place.
-A number of blue-green algae filament (yarn form) can bind nitrogen (N2) is free from the atmosphere and converted into ammonia (NH3). This is done also in heterokista, so it can play a role in the process enrich the soil.
Kind of blue green algae are useful include:
1.
2.
3.
Nostoc
Soaking rice during the rainy season resulted in Nostoc flourish and fix N2 and air so that it can help to provide the nitrogen that is used for growing rice.
Anabaena azollae
Life symbiosis with Azolla pinata (water ferns). Salviniales benefit in the form of ammonia nitrogen fixation by Anabaena results azollae.
Spirullina
This algae contains high protein content, thus become a source of food.
The characteristics and properties of blue-green algae:
* One-celled plants, yarn (filaments) and colonize living
* Have chlorophyll, carotenoids and pigment consisting of fikosianin fikobilin and fikoeritin (often called blue-green algae)
* The cell wall contains a peptide, hemicellulose and cellulose, sometimes slimy
* The core cells have no membrane (prokarion)
Example:
a. Unisel forms (one cell): Chroococcus, Gloeocapsa
b. Colony forms: Polycystis
c. Forms filaments: Oscilatoria, Nostoc, Anabaena, Rivularia.
Blue green algae breeding mode, done in three ways:
a. Cell division
Through this way the cell can directly separate or remain joined to form colonies.
Example: Gloeocapsa.
Figure Gloeocapsa
b.Fragmentasi
Fragmentation is a way of deciding which parts of a plant and then form a new individual. Fragmentation mainly on algae Oscillatoria. In the long filament, if one cell is dead, then dead cells were dividing the filament into two parts or more. Each section is called Hormogonium.
Figure Oscillatoria
c.Spora
In less favorable circumstances which will form spores which is actually a vegetative cell. Spores larger and thicker due to accumulation of food substances. Example: Chamaesiphon comfervicolus.
Consider the kinds of blue-green algae following:
Types of Blue Green Algae
a. Single-celled blue green algae
Examples of single-celled blue green algae is Chroococcus and Gloeocapsa.
1) Chroococcus
This algae usually live at the base of a still pond, a wet wall or rock. Usually young cells that stick together because there is a tie envelope. Breeding takes place vegetatively, by dividing. After cleavage, the cells remain coupled to form a colony.
Figure Chroococcus
2) Gloeocapsa
These algae live on rocks and are sometimes found endophytic (inside the living body), or epiphytic on other plants. Threadlike colonies that can be broken into hormogonium. Hormogonium can grow into new colonies.
3) Spirullins, these algae have the spores.
Spirullina: containing high protein content.
b. Blue green algae colonize (group)
Examples of blue algae and colonize is Polycitis Spirullina Polycitis: form into a ball, living in a calm and crystal clear pools. By fragmentation of the breeding colony.
c. Blue green algae in the form of threads (filaments)
Examples of blue-green algae in the form of thread is Oscillatoria, Nostoc communes, Anabaena and Rivularia.
1. Oscillatoria: These algae form thick yarn consists of flat cells, divide and fragmentation of breeding or a separate piece of yarn resulting into a new thread called hormogonium.
2. Nostoc communes: algae, such as trichome composed of cells forms a ball, has a veil and have a cell called akinet ineffective and after the dorma can grow into new trichome. Many are found in alkaline soil and rock are moist, for example in the fields.
3. Anabaena: algae in the form of trichome covered by mucous membrane, when it has grown and has heterokista akinet. Live as plankton in the waters, there is also a symbiotic root tip in plants such as ferns and ferns hajj water or Azolla pinata.
4. Rivularia: algae forms a ball with mucous membrane and one end was tapered trichome. Live attached to aquatic plants and rocks are moist.
General characteristics:
-types of cells: prokaryotic cells (together with bacteria)
-Unicellular and multicellular
-Having pigment fikosianin
-Chlorophyll is not in the chloroplast, but scattered throughout the cytoplasm
HABITAT
-Waters (mainly freshwater) and humid places.
-Able to live in waters with temperatures up to 85 degrees C (hot springs) so that the algae Blue is one of the pioneer vegetation.
Fig. Nostoc
EXAMPLE SPECIES
1. Unicellular blue algae
- Chroococcus -> live in water / still pond
- Gloeocapsa -> live on rocks or epiphytic on other plants
2. Unicellular blue algae colonize
- Polycistis
- Spirulina -> can be processed into health foods (food
supplement)
3. Threadlike blue algae
- Oscillatoria
- Nostoc commune
- Anabaena azollae and Anabaena symbiosis with Azolla cycadae
pinnata and Cycas rumphii. Azolla Anabaena symbiosis circuitry azollae
pinnata as an alternative fertilizer, because of this symbiosis can be
increasing levels of nitrogen in paddy fields.
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